浅论英文合同的审核 英美律师起草的合同无不深深地刻着英美法系私法原理的烙印，即高度私法自治和遵循先例。所表现出来的突出特点就是大多数英文合同篇幅长、惯用冗长句子和法言法语，但逻辑严密并且规律性很强。 ??一个大项目的英文合同往往都是鸿篇巨制，篇幅达几百页。英美国家实行判例法，大陆法系实行成文法，成文法相对于判例法的重要区别就是比较稳定，而且合同很多内容法律都有直接规定，双方对于法律已经有规定的部分就无须在合同中作进一步的约定。但英美国家推行判例法，推行高度私法自治，成文法大多仅作为参考，不具有强制适用的性质，因此，合同方在订立合同的过程中享有高度订约自由，合同各方可以就任何问题按照自己的意愿作出自己认为合适的约定。订约自由是一项至高的原则，合同条文、文字所直接反映出来的当事人的意愿，法官不得轻易否决，必须予以最大限度的尊重。由于合同文字是法官解释合同文件、探悉合同当事人意愿的唯一依据，故合同各方都力求使合同结构完整、语义严密明确。为使语义严密明确，他们在合同中进行大量的定义，大量使用限定词、定语从句、状语从句，避免使用省略句，也尽量不使用有可能引起指代不明的代词。因此，对于同一个项目合同，按照英美法草拟的合同篇幅常常比按照大陆法草拟的合同篇幅长很多。 其实，英文合同最重要的特点是其严密的逻辑性和很强的规律性。尽管英美法系国家主张私法高度意思自治，但是在草拟合同过程中，过多地偏离先例，除非有非常高水平的律师，否则很难说合同能够严密明确，保证没有任何争议。即使能够找到这样的律师，但为此而付出的律师成本和风险成本太高。因此，一般情况下，绝大多数合同还是选择遵从先例，尽量采用先前法官所认可的语言和逻辑结构，这样，合同专业词汇和逻辑结构经过千百年的积累逐渐固定下来，形成了很强的规律性。 由于合同的结构和使用的语言都比较固定，因此合同中每一部分法律风险位于何处，主文条款隐藏哪些主要风险，也都相对比较固定。换句话说，合同风险所处的位置也有很多规律可循。这就为我们分析英文合同提供了可能。 下面就英文合同一些比较关键的部分的审核进行论述，以期在较短的时间内就手头的合同能有大概的印象并提出一些较为中肯的建议。 一、标题的审核 一份完整的英文合同通常分为“标题”、“序言”、“主文条款”和“结尾”四大部分。标题显示合同性质，有两个方面的作用，及表明合同的性质和为以后查询提供方便。 英文合同和中文合同一样，不必设定标题，当事人间的法律关系和权利义务主要依靠合同各个条款来判断，标题基本上不会产生影响。但是，如果使用了标题，在阅读、分析的时候就要注意：标题部分是否用了subject（视…而定）、draft（草案）、Discussion Draft（讨论稿）、 Draft for Internal Circulation（内部稿）、Draft amended（修订稿）等内容。如果标题部分出现subject to contract就表明合同方不打算使该合同生效，还需要进一步签订合同。这样，即使在这个标有“Subject to contract ”的合同上已经签字，也可能置合同效力于不确定中。类似的措辞还包括subject to contract, subject to detail, subject to management approval, subject to credit, indicative terms等。因此，如果合同方确实希望该签署的合同生效，就得将这些subject或draft去掉。 二、争议的解决 在英文合同中，仲裁是最常见的争议解决方式。合同各方往往在合同签署时在合同中约定或在争议发生后通过签订仲裁协议等类似文件来约定采取仲裁方式解决争议。由于争议发生后，各方想要达成一致意见比较困难，因此，合同方主要还是采取在签署合同的时候在合同中约定仲裁条款，一旦争议出现，合同方便可根据仲裁条款向仲裁庭申请仲裁。 仲裁分为机构仲裁（Institutional Arbitration）和特别仲裁（ad hoc Arbitration）。基本上世界上承认仲裁的国家都承认机构仲裁，但对特别仲裁，则存在不同态度。比如，中国内地就要求必须采用机构仲裁，不适用特别仲裁。中国对其境内特别仲裁裁决结果不予认可，但对在国外采用特别仲裁方式所得的裁决结果还是认可的。因此，在阅读英文合同过程中，如果发现特别仲裁，应确认仲裁所适用的法律所在地国（地区）承认特别仲裁。由于各国对仲裁条款所适用的法律和整个合同所适用的法律是否必须一致存在不同意见，还需明确该仲裁条款究竟适用什么法律。但也可以在争议解决条款部分直接说明本争议解决适用的法律，只是在实际操作中比较少见。 目前，国际上比较知名的仲裁机构主要有以下几个： ①国际商会仲裁院（ICC），成立于1923年，隶属于国际商会。 ②瑞典斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院（Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce）,它成立于1917年，隶属于斯德哥尔摩商会。斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院没有仲裁员名册，仲裁双方可以聘请全世界任何地方、具有相当公正，有一定知识程度的人员。它没有官方固定的组织机构，只设一个秘书处，管理受案，分发邮件；它没有固定的书记员，每个案件是临时从律师事务所聘请有经验的律师担任书记员。 ③美国仲裁协会（AAA），总部设在纽约，由美国公开社团、美国基金会和一些美国工商团体组成。 ④香港国际仲裁中心（HKIAC），是按照香港的公司法注册登记的、具有公司性质的民间机构。 ⑤英国伦敦国际仲裁院（LCIA），成立于1892年，它是由伦敦市政府、英国女王推举的仲裁员协会和伦敦工商会组成，主要管理人员由仲裁员协会进行管理。 ⑥中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（CIETAC），成立于1956年，在涉外仲裁中发展很快，每年裁决案件量居亚洲之首。 目前，仲裁已经作为ADR（替代性纠纷解决方式）的主要途径，这尤其体现在国际商事合同中。因为，不管诉讼还是仲裁，最后的执行才是关键。由于法院的判决在境外执行一般需要判决地国与执行地国签有司法协助条约或者有共同确认的互惠原则，很多国家都没有类似的司法协助和/或互惠原则，例如，美国就没有和世界上任何一个国家签订相互承认判决的协议或者加入类似的国际条约，因此，在争议解决过程中很容易导致二次诉讼，即在一国通过诉讼拿到判决，再到另一国申请执行，无形中加大了争议解决的成本；但仲裁裁决则不一样，《纽约条约》（New York Convention）的签字国已达137个，中国和美国都是签字国。因此，在他国仲裁裁决结果也可以在中国得到有效执行。但因各国往往把司法看作自己主权的象征之一，因此，对于外国的判决的承认则困难重重。当然，在中国境内仲裁裁决结果到外国执行也比中国法院到外国执行容易很多。因此，从便利执行角度考虑，在国际商事交易中，约定仲裁对中国公司来说无疑是最佳选择。 尽管仲裁解决争议方式有上述优点，但仲裁有一个先天不足的致命弱点，即仲裁在财产保全方面几乎无能为力；而且国外仲裁庭的禁令或者禁诉令，中国法院很难执行。 在对仲裁和诉讼的地点进行选择时，主要应注意仲裁后或者诉讼判决后执行方面的风险和争议解决过程中的成本。比如，如果选择诉讼解决，美国就不是一个理想的诉讼解决地。因为美国几乎没有和别国签订相互承认判决的协议或者加入类似的国际条约，执行判决结果很难，已如前述。另外，美国的司法成本很高，律师收费相对较高。当然，如果因为合同的性质，不得不约定在美国的某个地方解决争议，则最好在合同中约定仲裁，便于执行。 三、适用法律 适用法律约定对合同各方关系重大，如果适用外国法，合同中所表述的有些术语可能和中国法中的某些术语不一致。比如，英国法中的不当得利和中国法中的不当得利就存在较大的差别，德国法中的合伙和中国法中的合伙也不一样。适用的法律不同，合同诉讼时效也不一样，如英国一般是6年，而我国一般是两年；同时，如果适用英国法，可能会涉及对价（consideration），合同是否有效，合同生效后所作变更，和解协议等是否有效，都与对价息息相关。总之，适用法律不仅涉及合同效力、合同各方面的权利义务，而且涉及合同争议的解决等。 合同方可以选择适用的法律，但这种选择不是任意选择，因为法律对某些协议强制适用，不得适用其他法律。比如，在英国伦敦注册的甲公司与在中国浙江注册的乙公司欲在中国广东成立一家中外合资经营企业丙，双方签订的合资协议所适用的法律就必须适用《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》，不容签约方选择，即使选择也无效。而且，如果两个中国公司签订不具有任何涉外因素的合同，一般也只能选择中国法律。 另外，合同方有时根据自己的实际情况在合同中约定了管辖法律，但也不能避免其他法律的强制适用，即签约方所选择适用的法律和强制性法律一并适用。比如，在中国根据中国法律注册成立的甲公司在伊朗有一个炼油厂项目。为该项目的顺利实施，甲公司找到一家根据美国法律在美国注册成立的代理公司乙，签订采购协议，购买菲律宾一个厂家生产的一台压缩机（该压缩机的生产技术来自美国，其中部分压缩机零部件产自美国）。双方在协议中约定该采购协议适用英国法。协议签订后，在执行过程中，双方遇到了很大的麻烦，并最终使得该采购协议胎死腹中，而甲公司也不得不承担巨额的违约金。原因就在于双方对《美国出口管制法》未予重视。尽管双方在合同中约定了适用英国法，但也无法避免《美国出口管制法》的强行适用。根据《美国出口管制法》，本案中有几个地方满足适用本管制法的条件：首先，乙公司是一家根据美国法律注册成立的公司，只要是美国公民、根据美国法律或州法律成立的公司或任何身在美国的公民都必须受该法的管辖；其次，对于出口原产于美国的产品、在美国境内的产品、利用美国技术在美国境外生产的产品或在美国境外生产的产品中的组成部分来自美国且达到一定比例，则应适用该管制法；最后，对于某些产品去往的国家如果是该法中规定的禁运或者限制的国家，也应适用本法。在本案中，乙公司是根据美国法律注册成立的公司，应予适用该管制法；而产品尽管产自菲律宾，但是因为该产品的生产技术源于美国，也应适用该管制法；该压缩机最终不是在中国使用，而是运往伊朗适用，伊朗属于该法中规定的禁运国，故该法强行予以适用；法院还认为，该产品有部件产自美国，且已经达到了10%的最低标准，也应适用本法。法院判决对卖方罚款，造成了买方的延误和巨大损失。其实，《美国出口管制法》确实对日常交易产生了很大影响。现在多数合同，只要合同方不涉及美方，合同一般不会约定适用美国法，解决争议的地点也尽量不选择在美国进行。因此，在与美国公司交往过程中，一定注意《美国出口管制法》。即使合同对方不是美国公司，但只要所采购的货物可能涉及《美国出口管制法》，也应尽量小心。 所以，法律适用条款本身并未规定合同方的权利义务，但其对合同方权利义务的影响是巨大的，在阅读分析时应高度重视。 四、违约条款 首先，违反明示的约定比较容易识别，在此不做详述。默示的约定，即当事人未经合同明示，但却被法院认为隐含在合同中的约定。由于默示的约定无法从合同措辞中予以判别，必须通过合同措辞隐含的意思予以确定，因此，合同当事方经常就此发生争议。之所以存在这些默示条款，原因在于：合同当事人在签订合同过程中，不可能穷尽所有条款，某些法律规定、国际惯例或生活习惯都不必在合同中一一罗列，因为这已经约定俗成，不必明说，大家也都因该这样去做。如果对这种法律规定、国际惯例和生活习惯也进行规定，则合同可能成为一个包括所有的百科全书，而不是一个可执行的合同。 由于默示条款并未在合同中明确约定，而是否存在这样的默示条款往往取决于法官的认知水平和先例，而这种认定往往存在一定的不确定性，故当事方的权益也就相应地存在一定风险。不过，经过几百年的实践经验，对于合同存在哪些方面的默示约定已经积累了很多案例，达成了一定的共识：在这些默示约定中，最重要的是要求“满足目的”（fitness for purpose），这是1979年《货物买卖法》的规定：卖方行为如果属于商业行为，则其货物必须具有令人满意的质量（还可能包括一个默示条款，即货物满足其目的）。如果在合同中没有明确指出，“满足目的”一般指“满足通常的目的”。如果合同中明确约定产品将用于某种特殊的目的，则该合同就隐含一个默示条件，即产品应符合该特殊的目的。应此，读者经常会在货物买卖合同签约背景部分，有时也在合同的正文部分，看到签约方对签约目的所作的约定。当然，合同当事人也可能在合同的正文部分明确表明，一方提供的产品或服务应当满足合同目的，但这就成了明示条款，而非默示条款。 对于某些专业性很强，风险性很高的行业，一般要求产品提供方承担“合理的技能和谨慎”的默示义务。比如，在工程设计合同、船舶建造设计、飞机设计、奥运场馆设计合同中，除非合同明确约定合同目的并明确要求设计方提供的产品应满足合同目的，否则设计方的义务一般只需满足“合理的技能和谨慎”（reasonable skill and care）的默示义务。由于“满足合同目的”和“合理的技能和谨慎”的标准差别很大，设计方和客户之间经常就此在合同中进行非常艰难的谈判。总的来说，“满足合同目的”义务比“合理的技能和谨慎”义务要严格很多。尽管“合理的技能和谨慎”不是普通人的“合理的技能和谨慎”，只是在专业(professional)领域中必须具有“合理性”（reasonable），即“普通的技术人员的标准”（standard of the ordinary skilled person）,并且这种“合理性”不能太高，不是最高要求，只是在签订合同时的标准，设计师只需按照签约时适当的标准进行设计，就满足了“合理的技能和谨慎”标准。这种标准通常是一些行业标准，如建筑行业的GB50319-2000，船舶设计行业的《最新船闸电气设计规范与船舶设计制造质量检测技术标准》。满足了“合理的技能和谨慎”标准，即使设计方存在过失（negligence），并且没有达到“满足目的”，也不承担责任；而“满足目的”则正好于此相反，即使设计方满足了“合理的技能与谨慎”标准，且设计方不存在任何过失，但如果没有达到“满足目的”的标准，设计师仍必需承担违约责任。而对这种设计合同中设计方究竟应该承担什么标准的义务，国际惯例也不一样。所以，在阅读审核对要求一方应满足所谓的“合同目的”（intended purpose of this contract）方面的约定应引起高度注意。有时，合同方为了排除这种默示条款的不确定性，往往在合同中选择明确约定排除隐含条款。 合同当事方只要在合同中明示地排除默示条款的适用，一般这种排除都是有效的。因为在英国法下，法院一般认为，当事人援用惯例是为了实现法律而不是为了破坏法律，所以默示条款不得与明示条款相冲突或抵触，并且在合同解释规则部分首先提到的就是按照合同字面意思解释。如果合同当事方明确约定不适用某个惯例，则必须适用该合同条款，而不是惯例，从而将默示条款排除在外。 其次，对于违约补救方式，在分析英文合同时，有时对是否存在违约及违约类型并不十分清楚，如果贸然决定采取不当的补救措施，可能会适得其反。比如，如果合同使用“warranty”，则当货物出现瑕疵时，卖方可以直接起诉卖方违反该“warranty”条款，要求损害赔偿。但如果是“indemnity”，则当货物出现瑕疵时，买方必须先进行维修，然后向卖方索赔该维修所花费用。如果合同明确使用的是“warranty”，当货物出现瑕疵时，买方径直对其进行维修，则很可能卖方对此维修费用不予认可，买方就可能无法就此维修费向卖方成功索赔，除非合同其他条款对此另有规定。 再次，对于预期违约赔偿金。预期违约赔偿金在英美法系国家适用非常广泛。因为，英国法主张，对非违约方的补偿应以非违约方的损失为限，并且不包括非违约方的间接损失，对违约方不主张惩罚。因此，在英国法上，罚金被认为是不可执行的，只有预期违约赔偿金才可以执行，非违约方不能仅仅因为违约方的违法行为赚取利润。但中国法不一样，中国法中对违约方可以实施惩罚，非违约方可以因此获得利益，比如《中华人民共和国合同法》规定的双倍赔偿等。一旦出现合同约定的违约情形，违约方就得按照该预期违约赔偿金额赔偿非违约方，非违约方不必再劳神费力去举证自己所遭受的损失。当然，在真正赔偿时，违约方也可能拒绝赔偿，而向法院主张该约定损失太高，已经远远超过了非违约方的实际损失，因此，这是一个惩罚性条款，不具有可执行性。但提出这种主张，举证责任就在违约方，违约方首先要举证该约定补偿数额高于买方的实际损失，违约方为此举证亦需花费大量人力物力，很可能最后判下来的赔偿金额也没有比预期损失金额小多少，因此合同各方一般也只能选择尽可能不违约，或在违约时按照该预期赔偿金额予以赔偿。但该限额不是越高越好，要看是否符合预期违约赔偿金这个概念本身，即必须是真实的违约损失，如果畸高，超过了真实的违约损失，很可能被法院判为存在惩罚性罚款，这与英国法相悖。违约方可能会举证这是罚金（penalty），因此不具有可执行性。 总的来说，阅读分析英文合同，应着重注意以下几个方面： 始终牢记客户的要求。 维护客户利益，促使客户利益最大化是律师不懈的追求。即使客户处于非常弱势的地位，也要将那些极端不合理、可能存在极大风险的条款找出来，帮助客户规避这些风险。因为，即使对方处于非常强势的地位，他也不得不将合同条款的合理性考虑在内，如果一味地强势，可能导致整个合同都被判无法执行。 整体地阅读与分析英文合同。 阅读与分析英文合同，必须从宏观出发，综合考虑整个合同的各个条文，而不能仅局限于某一个具体的条文。合同的某个具体的条文只是整个合同微观的组成部分，如果合同条款之间存在矛盾冲突，法官在解释合同时就必须采取整体解释，解决合同中各相关条款间的协调及超越问题。 始终牢记合同适用的法律是什么，再逐条对合同条款的风险进行分析。

经销合同（路伟国际律师事务所合同模板） ACLA-Lovells Contract Template Distribution Contract 经销合同 This contract template has been prepared as part of the All China Lawyers Association (ACLA) - Lovells Legal Skills Training Series (Training Series), which have covered skills . [PRODUCT NAME] DISTRIBUTION CONTRACT [产品名称] 经销合同- by and between - 由[SUPPLIER NAME] （供应商名称）SUPPLIER 供应商- and - - 与 -[DISTRIBUTOR NAME] （经销商名称）DISTRIBUTOR 经销商签订TABLE OF CONTENTS 目录PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 1 前言1. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION 1 1. 定义 12. SCOPE OF CONTRACT 1 2. 合同范围 13. CONDITIONS OF SALE 2 3. 销售条件 24. ORDERING 2 4. 订货 25. PROMOTION 2 5. 营销 26. STORAGE AND PRODUCT RETRIEVAL 3 6. 库存和产品召回 37. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICE 3 7. 维修和保养服务 38. REPORTING 4 8. 报告 39. COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAWS 4 9. 遵守当地法律 310. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 4 10. 知识产权 411. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT 5 11. 先决条件 412. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 5 12. 陈述及担保 413. TERM 5 13. 合同期限 514. TERMINATION 6 14. 合同终止 515. CONFIDENTIALITY 8 15. 保密义务 716. BREACH OF CONTRACT 9 16. 违约 817. FORCE MAJEURE 9 17. 不可抗力 818. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 10 18. 争议的解决 919. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 12 19. 其他规定 11SCHEDULE A 16 附录一-定义 14ANNEX 1 19 [产品名称]经销合同附件一 16ANNEX 2 20 [产品名称]经销合同附件二 17ANNEX 3 21 [产品名称]经销合同附件三 18CAVEATS AND DRAFTING NOTES 22 注意事项与说明 20[PRODUCT NAME] DISTRIBUTION CONTRACT [产品名称]经销合同THIS CONTRACT ("Contract") is made in [city and province], China on this [●] day of [●], 200[●] by and between [Supplier name], [Supplier entity form] organized and existing under the laws of [Supplier jurisdiction of incorporation] with its [registered address][principle place of business] at [address] (hereinafter referred to as "Supplier"), and [Distributor name], [Distributor entity form] established and existing under the laws of China, with its [registered address][principle place of business] at [address] (hereinafter referred to as "Distributor"). Distributor and Supplier shall hereinafter be referred to individually as a "Party" and collectively as the "Parties". 本合同(“本合同”)于200[·]年[·]月[·]日由以下双方在中国[省市]签订：[供应商名称]，一家根据[供应商组建地]法律组建及存续的[供应商组织形式]，[注册地址][ ]，[主要营业地点][ ]（以下简称“供应商”）与[经销商名称]，一家根据中国法律组建及存续的 [经销商组织形式]，[注册地址][ ]，[主要营业地点][ ]（以下简称“经销商”）。供应商和经销商以下各称“一方”，合称“双方”。PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 前言After friendly consultations conducted in accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit, the Parties have agreed to enter into a distributorship relationship in accordance with Applicable Laws and the provisions of this Contract. 双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，依照有关法律，同意按照本合同的条款，建立经销关系。Now the Parties Hereby Agree as Follows: 双方现协议如下：1. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION 1. 定义与解释Unless the terms or context of this Contract otherwise provide, this Contract shall be interpreted in accordance with, and each of the terms used herein shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Schedule A. 除本合同条款另有约定或上下文另有所指，本合同的解释规则及本合同中所有相关用语的定义见附录一。2. SCOPE OF CONTRACT 2. 合同范围2.1 Appointment 2.1 经销权的授予(a) The Supplier hereby appoints Distributor as its [non-]exclusive distributor in the Territory for the Products listed in Annex 1 to this Contract as may be amended by written agreement between Supplier and Distributor from time to time. (a) 供应商特此指定经销商为区域内本合同附件一所列经销产品的[非]独家经销商，本合同附件一可经供应商和经销商不时书面同意随时修改。(b) The Distributor shall purchase all its requirements of the Products from Supplier or its Affiliates during the Term. (b) 经销商应在合同期限内向供应商或其关联机构购买其所需的全部经销产品的所有必要组件。2.2 Restriction on Sales by Supplier 2.2 [供应商销售的限制The Supplier shall not supply the Products in the Territory to any other person during the Term [for resale but Supplier reserves the right to sell the Products direct to end users in the Territory]. 在合同期限内，供应商不应在区域内向任何第三方供应经销产品[用以转售，但供应商保留向区域内最终用户直接销售经销产品的权利]。]2.3 Competing Products 2.3 竞争产品The Distributor shall not (and shall procure that none of its Affiliates shall) manufacture or sell in the Territory any products that compete with the Products during the Term. 在合同期限内，经销商不得[且应促使其任何关联机构不]在区域内生产或销售与经销产品构成竞争的任何产品。2.4 Restrictions on Resale 2.4 限制转售The Distributor shall not sell the Products to any person outside the Territory[ or to any person who has the intention to transport the Products outside the Territory]. 经销商不应向区域外任何个人[或向任何有意将产品转运到区域外的个人]销售经销产品。2.5 Minimum Purchases and Stocks 2.5 最低购买量和库存量(a) The Distributor shall purchase from Supplier at least the minimum quantities of the Products specified in Annex 1 to this Contract. (a) 经销商向供应商购买的经销产品数量应至少为本合同附件一中规定的最低购买量。(b) The Distributor shall at all times during the Term carry the full range of Products and shall maintain at least [three (3) months] stocks of the Products. (b) 经销商应在合同期限内一直确保经销产品的种类齐全，且应保证至少[三个月]的经销产品库存。2.6 Training 2.6 培训At least [two (2)] representatives of Distributor shall attend a training course in the service and repair of the Products at Supplier’s place of business, all expenses in connection therewith to be met by the [Supplier except travelling and subsistence expenses] [Distributor]. 经销商应至少派出[两]名代表参加在供应商营业地点召开的就经销产品服务和维修举办的培训课程，一切相关费用应由[供应商承担(但差旅费和生活费除外)][经销商承担]。3. CONDITIONS OF SALE 3. 销售条件3.1 Sale and Purchase of Products 3.1 经销产品的销售与购买The Supplier shall sell and Distributor shall purchase the Products subject to the conditions of sale set out in Annex 2 to this Contract, which shall be deemed to be incorporated into and form part of this Contract. If there is any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of Annex 2 and the rest of this Contract, the latter shall prevail. 供应商将根据本合同附件二规定的销售条件销售产品，经销商应按照这些条件购买产品，本合同附件二规定的销售条件应视作构成本合同的一部分。如果附件二的规定和本合同的其他部分相冲突或抵触，应以本合同为准。3.2 Distributor’s Terms Not Applicable 3.2 不适用经销商的相关条款Neither Distributor’s standard conditions of purchase nor any terms or conditions in any order forms or other documents prepared by Distributor shall apply to the sale of the Products by Supplier to Distributor. 经销商自己的标准购货条件，或由经销商起草的任何订单或其他文件中的任何条款或条件，都不适用于供应商向经销商销售经销产品。4. ORDERING 4. 订货4.1 Written Order 4.1 书面订单The Distributor shall during the Term submit in writing to Supplier on a monthly basis: 在合同有效期内，经销商应每月以书面形式向供应商提供：(a) firm orders for Products to be supplied within the [two (2) months] following the month in which the order is submitted; and (a) 订单发出当月之后[两个月]以内的拟购买经销产品的有约束力的订单；并且(b) detailed estimates of its requirements for Products to be supplied in the [four (4) months] thereafter. (b) 此后[四个月]以内对拟购买经销产品数量的详细预测。4.2 Acceptance of Order 4.2 订单的接受This Contract establishes the framework under which the sale and purchase of Products between Supplier and Distributor will be conducted. However, no rights and obligations for the supply of the Products shall arise between Supplier and Distributor unless and until a firm order has been accepted in writing by Supplier. 本合同确定了供应商和经销商之间就经销产品销售和购买应遵循的基本框架。但是，只有在供应商已经书面接受一份有约束力的订单，供应商和经销商之间才就经销产品的供应产生权利和义务关系。5. PROMOTION 5. 营销5.1 Distributor’s Best Endeavours 5.1 经销商尽其最大的努力The Distributor shall, at all times during the term of this Contract, actively promote and use its best endeavours to increase sales of the Products in the Territory and shall not do anything that may prevent sales or interfere with the development of sales of the Products in the Territory. 经销商应在本合同的合同期限内积极推广经销产品并尽其最大努力在区域内提高产品销售量，且不得实施任何可能在区域内阻止产品销售或干扰经销产品推广的行为。5.2 Distributor’s Promotion Obligations 5.2 经销商的营销义务In particular (but without limiting the generality of Article 5.1) Distributor shall: 在不限制第5.1 条的普遍适用性的前提下，经销商具体应当：(a) employ a sufficient number of adequately trained salesmen, demonstrators and other necessary sales personnel; (a) 雇用充足数量的训练有素的销售人员、演示人员和其他必要的销售员工；(b) establish and maintain adequate sales systems, including, by way of example, demonstrations, exhibitions and lectures to interested groups, to deal with the requirements of its customers and potential customers within the Territory; (b) 建立并维持适当的销售系统，包括（例如）向有关方进行演示、展览和讲解，在区域内处理客户和潜在客户的要求；(c) distribute promotional literature about the Products; and (c) 发放有关经销产品的推广印刷品；(d) exhibit at relevant trade exhibitions. (d) 在相关行业展览会上展览。5.3 Consultation with Supplier 5.3 就营销事项征求供应商意见The Distributor shall consult with and obtain the approval of Supplier before advertising or publishing promotional material for the Products [save that nothing in this Article or elsewhere in this Contract shall limit Distributor’s freedom to set its own resale prices for the Products]. 经销商应在为经销产品进行广告宣传或发布营销材料之前征求供应商的意见，并获得供应商的批准。[但是本条款或本合同不限制经销商自行设定产品转售价格的自由。]6. STORAGE AND PRODUCT RECALL 6. 库存和产品召回6.1 Storage and Transport of Products 6.1 经销产品的库存和运输The Distributor shall store and transport the Products in conditions that will preserve the Products in good condition and will comply with any reasonable requests made by Supplier concerning the conditions in which the Products are to be stored or transported. The Distributor shall permit Supplier or its representatives to inspect Products in its possession from time to time [on reasonable prior [written] notice]. 经销商储存并运输经销产品的设施应保证经销产品处于良好状态，并应符合供应商关于产品储存和运输条件的合理要求。经销商应允许供应商或其代表[在合理的事先[书面]通知后]，随时检查由经销商储存的产品。6.2 Product Recall 6.2 经销产品的召回If requested by Supplier, Distributor shall give all reasonable assistance in locating and recovering any defective Products and preventing their sale to third parties and, in particular, shall comply with any product recall procedures adopted by Supplier and shall use its best endeavours to ensure that its customers co-operate in a similar manner. 应供应商的要求，经销商应给予所有合理的协助查找并召回任何有缺陷的经销产品，防止有缺陷的产品售与第三方，并应特别遵循供应商规定的经销产品召回程序，并应尽全力确保经销商的客户以类似方式予以合作。7. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICE 7. 维修和保养服务7.1 Provision of Services 7.1 服务条款Distributor shall provide repair and maintenance services for the Products to owners and users in the Territory, and Supplier shall provide appropriate support services to Distributor, all in accordance with the terms of support services of Supplier in effect at the time. The current terms of support services of Supplier is attached hereto as Annex 3. 经销商应为区域内经销产品的拥有人和使用人提供维修和保养服务，供应商应向经销商提供适当的支持服务，上述所有活动应遵循供应商届时有效的支持服务条款。现行的供应商支持服务条款作为附件三附于本合同。7.2 Repairs and Maintenance to Products 7.2 经销产品的维修和保养In order to carry out repairs and maintenance to the Products, Distributor shall employ qualified engineers and shall maintain such repair and service equipment as may reasonably be required by Supplier from time to time. 为了便于对经销产品进行维修和保养，经销商应雇用合格的工程师，并应随时按照供应商的合理要求，对相关维修和服务设备给予保养维护。7.3 Sale and Use of Spare Parts 7.3 备件的销售与适用Supplier shall sell to Distributor spare parts for the Products in accordance with the conditions of sale set out in Annex 2 hereto. In order to maintain design and quality standards Distributor shall use only spare parts for the Products which are supplied by Supplier or its Affiliates. 供应商应按照本合同附件二中规定的销售条件向经销商出售经销产品备件。为保证设计和质量标准，经销商应仅使用由供应商或其关联机构提供的经销产品备件。8. REPORTING 8. 报告The Distributor shall at its own expense provide Supplier [by the end of the first week in each month] with a written report containing such information as Supplier may reasonably require including a report on the quality and performance of goods contained in each shipment and a stock and sales return. 经销商应根据供应商的合理要求，自付费用[在每月第一周结束时]向供应商出具书面报告，其中应包含每次运抵货物的质量和性能，以及库存和销售营业额。9. COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAWS 9. 遵守当地法律The Distributor shall comply with all Applicable Laws existing in the Territory from time to time concerning the Products and shall keep Supplier informed of any relevant changes therein. In particular but without limitation Distributor (i) shall at its own expense obtain all necessary permissions, consents and licences to enable Distributor to market and sell the Products in the Territory; 经销商应随时遵守区域内与经销产品相关的所有现行有关法律，并应就相关变化通知供应商，经销商特别应当做到以下各点（但不仅限于此）：（i）自付费用获得所有必要的批文、同意和许可，使经销商可以在区域内营销和销售经销产品；(ii) shall obtain any other governmental or other permission, consent or licence or make any registration necessary for the full and legal operation and performance of this Contract; （ii）应获得其他所有政府的或其他性质的批文、同意或许可，或完成使本合同完全合法生效和履行所必须的登记；(iii) shall be responsible for the management of the importation of the Products into the Territory in compliance with Applicable Laws and the payment of all applicable import duties, taxes and other charges, and shall promptly upon Supplier’s request provide to Supplier copies of all documents evidencing the same. （iii）应按照有关法律负责经销产品进口到区域内的手续，支付所有适用的进口关税、税费和其他收费，应供应商的随时要求，立即向其提供所有证明支付上述税费的文件的复印件。10. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 10. 知识产权10.1 No Distributor Entitlement 10.1 未授予经销商的权利Nothing in this Contract shall entitle the Distributor to any Intellectual Property Rights owned or used by Supplier or any of its Affiliates (the "Supplier’s Intellectual Property Rights") or to any goodwill attaching thereto. 本合同未授予经销商任何由供应商或其关联机构拥有或使用的知识产权（“供应商的知识产权”）或与其相关的商誉。10.2 Notification of Infringement 10.2 侵权的通知The Distributor shall inform Supplier promptly of any potential, threatened, alleged or actual infringement of any of Supplier’s Intellectual Property Rights and shall provide all assistance and information required by Supplier in connection with any such infringement and shall, if Supplier so requests, at the expense of Supplier, join in any court or other proceedings relating to such infringement. 经销商应就任何针对供应商的知识产权的潜在的、威胁的、指控的、或实际的侵权，及时通知供应商，并应按照供应商的要求提供所有与处理该侵权相关的协助和信息，如果供应商就该侵权提起任何诉讼或其他程序，经销商应参与，但费用由供应商支付。10.3 No Alteration 10.3 禁止更改The Distributor shall not sell the Products under any other name or mark other than the names or marks used by Supplier in relation to the Products nor remove or obliterate those names or marks from the Products nor make any other alteration to the Products or their labelling. 经销商不得以供应商所使用的与产品相关的名称或标识之外的其他名称或标识出售经销产品，不得去除或涂抹经销产品标识，也不得更改经销产品或其标签。11. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT 11.先决条件[insert conditions precedent as appropriate] [根据实际情况，列出合同生效或一方履行某项义务的先决条件］12. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 12. 陈述及担保12.1 Distributor’s Representations and Warranties 12.1 经销商的陈述及担保Distributor represents and warrants to Supplier that on the date hereof [and as of the Effective Date]: 经销商向供应商陈述并担保，在本合同签订日[和生效日]：(a) it is an independent legal person duly organized, validly existing in good standing under the laws of the place of its establishment or incorporation; (a) 根据其成立地的法律，经销商为独立法人，依法定程序设立、有效存续、且相关手续完备；(b) it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations hereunder; (b) 经销商有全权订立本合同以及履行本合同项下义务；(c) it has authorized its representative to sign this Contract and from and after the Effective Date the provisions of this Contract shall be legally binding upon it; (c) 经销商已授予其授权代表签署本合同的权利，从生效日开始，本合同的条款对其具有法律约束力；? (d) its execution of this Contract and its performance of its obligations hereunder: (i) will not violate any provision of its business license, articles of incorporation, articles of association or similar organizational documents; (ii) will not violate any Applicable Laws or any governmental authorization or approval; and (iii) will not violate or result in a default under any contract to which it is a party or to which it is subject; (d) 经销商签署本合同以及履行本合同项下义务：（i）不违反其营业执照、成立协议、章程或类似组织文件的任何规定；（ii）不违反相关法律或任何政府的授权或批准；并且（iii）不违反其作为当事人一方(或受之约束)的其他任何协议，也不会导致其被认定在该协议项下违约；(e) no lawsuit, arbitration or other legal or governmental proceeding is pending or, to its knowledge, threatened against it that would affect its ability to perform its obligations under this Contract; and (e) 不存在将影响该方本合同项下履约能力的、未结的诉讼、仲裁或其他司法或行政程序，或者据其所知无人威胁将采取上述行动；并且(f) it has disclosed to Supplier all documents issued by any governmental department that may have a material adverse effect on its ability to fully perform its obligations under this Contract, and the documents previously provided by it to Supplier do not contain any misstatements or omissions of material facts. (f) 经销商已经向供应商提供可能对其全面履行其在本合同项下义务的能力造成重大不利影响的相关政府机构颁发的所有文件，并且经销商此前提供给另一方的文件中没有对任何重要事实的不实陈述或者漏述。12.2 Consequences of Inaccuracy in Representations and Warranties 12.2 陈述及担保不实的结果If any of the above representations and warranties of Distributor are not accurate in all material respects on the date hereof [or the Effective Date], then Distributor shall be in material breach of this Contract. 如果在本合同签订日〔或生效日〕经销商的上述陈述及担保的任何一项与实际情况有实质性不符，则构成经销商重大违约。13. TERM 13. 合同期限13.1 Initial Term 13.1 初始合同期限Subject to the provisions of Articles 13.2 and 14.1(b), (c) and (d), the initial term of the Contract shall be [●] years, commencing on the Effective Date. 本合同的初始期限为[·]年，于生效日开始，但可根据第13.2 条续展、及根据第 14.1（b）、（c）和（d）条终止。13.2 Extension 13.2 合同期限的续展[Choose one of the following alternatives: [选择下面一种方式:]Option (1): Automatic Expiration [选择 (1)：自动终止[The Term shall expire automatically on the Expiration Date, unless extended for an additional term of [●] years through a written agreement signed by the authorized representatives of the Parties at least [sixty (60)] days prior to the Expiration Date.] [本合同于合同期满日自动终止，除非双方授权代表在合同期满日之前至少[六十（60）]天签署书面协议续展本合同期限。]Option (2): Automatic Renewal 选择 (2)：自动续展[On the Expiration Date, the Term shall automatically renew for an additional term of [●] years, unless either Party notifies the other Party of its decision not to renew this Contract through a written notice signed by its authorized representative and delivered to the other Party at least [sixty (60)] days prior to the Expiration Date.] [于本合同的期满日，本合同期限将自动续展[·]年，除非一方在合同期满日之前至少[六十（60）]天向另一方递交经其授权代表签署的书面通知，通知另一方该方决定不再续约。]Option (3): [Client] with Option to Renew 选择 (3)：[客户]有权选择续展[[Client] shall have the option to renew this Contract through a written notice signed by its authorized representative and delivered to the other Party at least [sixty (60)] days prior to the Expiration Date. If [Client] fails to exercise its option to renew the Contract, then the Term shall expire automatically on the Expiration Date.]] [[客户]有权选择在期满日之前至少[六十（60）]天向另一方递交经其授权代表签署的书面通知，通知另一方该方决定续展合同，[续展期限与本合同原期限相同]。如果[客户]未行使其续约选择权，则本合同于合同期满日自动终止。]]14. TERMINATION 14. 合同终止14.1 Termination of Contract 14.1 合同终止(a) This Contract shall terminate upon the Expiration Date unless extended pursuant to Article 13.2. (a) 本合同于合同期满日终止，除非双方按照第13.2 条续约。(b) This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to Expiration Date by the mutual written agreement of the Parties. (b) 合同期满日之前，双方可通过书面协议随时终止本合同。(c) At any time prior to the Expiration Date, a Party (“Notifying Party”) may terminate this Contract through notice to the other Party in writing if: (c) 合同期满日之前，如果发生以下情形之一，一方(“通知方”)可随时向另一方发出书面通知后终止本合同：(i) the other Party materially breaches this Contract, and such breach is not cured within the Cure Period granted pursuant to Article 16.1(a); or (i) 另一方违反本合同某一重要义务，且未在通知方根据第16.1（a）条规定发出的书面通知中规定的补救期限内对违约予以补救；或(ii) the other Party becomes bankrupt, or is the subject of proceedings for liquidation or dissolution, or ceases to carry on business or becomes unable to pay its debts as they come due; or (ii) 另一方破产，或者成为解散或清算程序的对象，或者歇业，或者无力偿还到期债务；或(iii) the conditions or consequences of Force Majeure which have a material adverse effect on the affected Party’s ability to perform continue for a period in excess of six (6) months and the Parties have been unable to find an equitable solution pursuant to Article 17.2(c) hereof; or (iii) 不可抗力事件或其影响持续超过六（6）个月，且双方无法按照第17.2(c)条的规定达成一项公平的解决方案；或(iv) [insert other conditions triggering termination as appropriate] (iv) [根据具体情况，加入其他导致合同终止的条款](d) At any time prior to the Expiration Date, in addition to other remedies available to it under Applicable Laws and other provisions of this Contract, Supplier may terminate this Contract immediately through notice to Distributor in writing if: (d) 如果在合同期满日之前发生下列情形之一，供应商除根据相关法律和本合同其他条款的规定行使救济权之外，可随时通知经销商立即终止本合同：(i) Distributor fails to observe Articles 2.3 (Competing Products), 2.4 (Restrictions on Resale) and 2.5 (Minimum Purchases and Stocks); (i) 经销商未能遵守第2.3 条（竞争产品）、第2.4 条（转售限制）和第2.5 条（最低购买量和库存量）；(ii) ownership or control of Distributor is acquired by a person, firm or company that manufactures or sells (directly or through its Affiliates) products that compete with the Products [or there is any other material change in the ownership of Distributor that Supplier considers to be detrimental to its interests]; or (ii) 经销商的所有权或控制权被生产或销售（直接或通过其关联机构）与经销产品竞争的产品的个人、商号或公司获得[或者经销商的所有权发生其他实质性的变更，且供应商认定该变更有损于供应商的利益]；或(iii) Distributor infringes any of Supplier’s Intellectual Property Rights, including its failure to observe Article 10 (Intellectual Property). (iii) 经销商侵犯供应商的知识产权，包括未能遵守第10 条（知识产权）。14.2 No Compensation 14.2 经销商无权获得补偿The Distributor shall not be entitled to any compensation whatsoever as a result of Supplier’s termination of this Contract in accordance with this Article 14. 经销商无权因供应商根据本第14 条终止本合同而获得任何补偿。14.3 Effects of Termination 14.3 合同终止的后果Upon termination of this Contract: 本合同终止后有关事项的处理：(a) any stocks of the Products in saleable condition and in the possession of Distributor, shall be forthwith held to the order of Supplier and (if requested by Supplier) any such Products which have been paid for in full by Distributor shall be resold by Distributor to Supplier or such person as Supplier shall specify at [cost price], due allowance being made for old stock and any out of condition or unsaleable Products; (a) 可供销售并由经销商占有的任何库存产品，应由经销商替供应商占有，已由经销商全额付款的经销产品应当（如果供应商提出此要求）[以成本价]由经销商转售给供应商或者供应商所指定之人，对陈旧的存货、保存不当的经销产品或不能销售的经销产品在价格上应予以适当扣除；且(b) Distributor shall return to Supplier all documents supplied by Supplier which relate to the Products or any aspect of the business of Supplier together with all copies thereof; (b) 经销商应将所有由供应商提供的与经销产品或与供应商所有业务相关的文件及其复印件归还供应商；且(c) Distributor shall cease to represent in any way that it is an authorised distributor for the Products and shall not make any further use of any of Supplier’s Intellectual Property Rights; (c) 经销商应停止以任何方式声称自己是经销产品的经销商，不得继续使用供应商的任何知识产权；且(d) Distributor shall use its best endeavours to supply to the Company the names and addresses of: (d) 经销商尽全力向供应商提供以下所有人员/单位的名字/名称和地址：(i) all persons to whom it has sold Products [in respect of which the warranty period has not expired at the date of termination]; and (i) 经销商曾经向其销售经销产品[且产品的保质期在合同终止日尚未到期]；且(ii) all persons for whom it has undertaken repair and servicing in respect of the Products during the course of this Contract; and (ii) 曾经在本合同期限内为其实施过经销产品的维修和服务。(e) to the extent that the Contract is terminated as a result of breach by Distributor, Distributor shall (if legally possible) assign to Supplier free of charge all permissions, consents and licences (if any) relating to the marketing and sale of the Products and execute all documents and do all things necessary to ensure that Supplier shall have the benefit of such permissions, consents and licences. (e) 如果由于经销商违约导致本合同终止，经销商应（如果法律允许）向供应商免费转让所有有关经销产品营销和销售的批文、同意和许可（如有），为保证供应商可利用该批文、同意和许可，经销商应签署所有文件，及完成所有必要的程序。14.4 [Restricted Activities 14.4 经销商的行为限制In order to protect know-how transferred by Supplier to Distributor, Distributor shall not manufacture, purchase, sell or resell goods that compete with the Products from the premises used by Distributor for a period of one year after the termination of this Contract. The Distributor acknowledges that this restriction is indispensable to protect the know-how received from Supplier.] [为保护由供应商向经销商传授的专有知识，本合同终止后一年内，经销商不得在其营业场所内生产、购买、销售或转售与经销产品竞争的货物。经销商承认该限制是保护从供应商处获取的专有知识所必须的措施。]14.5 Continuing Obligations 14.5 双方持续的义务The provisions of Article 14.3 (Effects of Termination) and Article 14.4 (Restricted Activities), Article 15 (Confidentiality), Article 16 (Breach of Contract) (but only with respect to claims arising prior to the termination hereof or with respect to other continuing obligations) and Article 18 (Settlement of Disputes) shall survive the termination of this Contract. 以下各条的条款在本合同终止后继续有效：上述第14.3 条（合同终止的后果）、第14.4条（经销商的行为限制）、第15 条（保密义务）、第16 条（违约）（但其效力仅限于本合同终止前发生的违约事件以及违反其他持续义务的情形），以及第18 条（争议的解决）。15. CONFIDENTIALITY 15. 保密义务15.1 Confidentiality Obligations 15.1 保密义务From time to time prior to and during the Term either Party (“disclosing Party”) has disclosed or may disclose Confidential Information to the other Party (“receiving Party”). The receiving Party shall, during the Term and for [●] years thereafter: 本合同订立前以及在本合同期限内，一方（“披露方”）曾经或者可能不时向另一方（“接受方”）披露该方的保密资料。在本合同期限内以及随后（）年间，接受方必须：(a) maintain the confidentiality of Confidential Information; (a) 对保密资料进行保密；(b) not use Confidential Information for any purposes other than those specifically set out in this Contract; and (b) 不为除合同明确规定的目的之外的其他目的使用该保密资料；(c) not disclose any such Confidential Information to any person or entity, except to its employees or employees of its Affiliates, its agents, attorneys, accountants and other advisors who need to know such information to perform their responsibilities and who have signed written confidentiality agreements containing terms at least as stringent as the terms provided in this Article 15 (collectively "Permitted Disclosure Parties"). (c) 除为履行其职责而确有必要知悉保密资料的该方或其关联机构雇员、该方律师、会计师或其他顾问外，不向其他任何人披露；且上述人员须已签署书面保密协议，其中条款的严格程度不得低于本15 条的规定(合称“允许披露方”）。15.2 Confidentiality Exceptions 15.2 保密义务的除外规定The provisions of Article 15.1 above shall not apply to information that: 上述第15.1 条的条款对以下信息不适用：(a) can be shown to be known by the receiving Party by written records made prior to disclosure by the disclosing Party; (a) 接受方有在披露方向其披露前制作的书面记录证明其已经掌握的；(b) is or becomes public knowledge otherwise than through the receiving Party’s breach of this Contract; or (b) 目前或将来并非由于接受方违反本合同的原因而进入公共领域的；(c) was obtained by the receiving Party from a third party having no obligation of confidentiality with respect to such information. (c) 接受方从对该信息无保密义务的第三方获得的。15.3 Confidentiality Rules 15.3 保密规则Each Party shall formulate rules and regulations to inform its directors, senior staff, and other employees, and those of their Affiliates of the confidentiality obligation set forth in this Article 15. 每一方应制订相应的规章制度，告知该方（以及该方的关联机构）董事、高级职员以及其他雇员本15 条规定的保密义务。15.4 Return of Material 15.4 材料归还On the Expiration Date [or upon the disclosing Party’s request at any time], the receiving Party shall (i) return to the other Party, or at the disclosing Party’s direction destroy, all materials (including any copies thereof) embodying the other Party’s Confidential Information and (ii) certify in writing to the other Party, within ten (10) days following the other Party’s request, that all of such materials have been returned or destroyed. 在合同期满日，〔或经披露方随时提出要求〕，接受方应（i）向另一方归还（或经另一方要求销毁）包含另一方保密资料的所有材料（包括其复制件）；并且（ii）在另一方提出此项要求后十（10）日内向另一方书面保证已经归还或销毁上述材料。16. BREACH OF CONTRACT 16. 违约16.1 Remedies for Breach of Contract 16.1 违约救济措施Except as otherwise provided herein, if a Party ("breaching Party”) fails to perform any of its material obligations under this Contact or otherwise is in material breach of this Contract, then the other Party (“aggrieved Party”) may: 除本合同其他条款另有规定外，如果一方（“违约方”）未履行其在本合同项下某项主要义务或以其他方式对本合同构成重大违反，则另一方（“受损害方”）可以：(a) give written notice to the breaching Party describing the nature and scope of the breach and demand that the breaching Party cure the breach at its cost within a reasonable time specified in the notice ("Cure Period") (provided that if any representation and warranty of a Party under Article 12.1 is not true and correct in all material respects when made, or if there is a breach of Article 15, or if any event listed in Article 14.1 (d) occurs, then there shall be no Cure Period); and (a) 向违约方发出书面通知，说明违约的性质以及范围，并且要求违约方在通知中规定的合理期限内自费予以补救(“补救期”) (但是如果一方在第12.1 条项下所做的任何陈述和担保在做出时在任何实质方面不真实、不正确，或者违反第15 条的规定，则没有补救期)；且(b) if the breaching Party fails to cure the breach within the Cure Period (or, if there is none, at any time following such breach), then in addition to its other rights under Article 14.1(c)(i) or Applicable Laws, the aggrieved Party may claim direct and foreseeable damages arising from the breach. (b) 如果违约方未在补救期内予以补救（或者如果没有补救期，那么在该等违约后的任何时候），则除了14.1(c)(i)条或有关法律规定的权利之外，受损害方还可就违约引起的直接和可预见的损失提出索赔。16.2 Limitation on Liability 16.2 责任限制Notwithstanding any other provision of this Contract, [except for breach of Section 15 (Confidentiality) and breach of Section 10 (Intellectual Property Rights),] neither Party shall be liable to the other Party for damages for loss of revenues or profits, loss of goodwill or any indirect or consequential damages in connection with the performance or non-performance of this Contract. [Except for a breach of Section 15 (Confidentiality) and a breach of Section 10 (Intellectual Property Rights),] the aggregate liability of a Party for all claims for any loss, damage or indemnity whatsoever resulting from such Party’s performance or non-performance of this Contract shall in no case exceed [●] United States Dollars (US$[●]) or the RMB equivalent thereof. 无论本合同其他条款有何规定，任何一方均不向另一方承担因本合同的履行或不履行而造成的收入或利润丧失、商誉丧失或任何间接或附带性损失的赔偿责任[，但该方有违反第15条（保密义务）和第10 条（知识产权）情形的除外]。在任何情况下，一方对因本合同的履行或不履行所致的损失、损害或补偿索赔的责任累计总额不得超过[ ]美元（US$[ ]）或等值的人民币[， 但该方有违反第15 条（保密义务）和第10 条（知识产权）情形的除外]。17. FORCE MAJEURE 17. 不可抗力17.1 Definition of Force Majeure 17.1 不可抗力的定义"Force Majeure" shall mean all events which are beyond the control of the Parties to this Contract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidable or insurmountable, and which prevent total or partial performance by either of the Parties. Such events shall include earthquakes, typhoons, flood, fire, war, strikes, riots, acts of governments, changes in law or the application thereof or any other instances which cannot be foreseen, prevented or controlled, including instances which are accepted as Force Majeure in general international commercial practice. “不可抗力”指超出本合同双方控制范围、无法预见、无法避免或无法克服、使得本合同一方部分或者完全不能履行本合同的事件。这类事件包括但不限于地震、台风、洪水、火灾、战争、罢工、暴动、政府行为、法律规定或其适用的变化，或者其他任何无法预见、避免或者控制的事件，包括在国际商务实践中通常被认定为不可抗力的事件。17.2 Consequences of Force Majeure 17.2 不可抗力的后果(a) If an event of Force Majeure occurs, a Party’s contractual obligations affected by such an event under this Contract shall be suspended during the period of delay caused by the Force Majeure and shall be automatically extended, without penalty or liability, for a period equal to such suspension. (a) 如果发生不可抗力事件，一方在本合同项下受不可抗力影响的义务在不可抗力造成的延误期间自动中止，并且其履行期限应自动延长，延长期间为中止的期间，该方无须为此承担违约责任。(b) The Party claiming Force Majeure shall promptly inform the other Parties in writing and shall furnish within [fifteen (15)] days thereafter sufficient proof of the occurrence and duration of such Force Majeure. The Party claiming Force Majeure shall also use all reasonable endeavours to terminate the Force Majeure. (b) 提出受不可抗力影响的一方应及时书面通知另一方，并且在随后的[十五（15）]日内向另一方提供不可抗力发生以及持续期间的充分证据。提出受不可抗力影响的一方还应尽一切合理的努力排除不可抗力。(c) In the event of Force Majeure, the Parties shall immediately consult with each other in order to find an equitable solution and shall use all reasonable endeavours to minimize the consequences of such Force Majeure. (c) 发生不可抗力，双方应立即进行磋商，寻求一项公正的解决方案，并且要尽一切合理的努力将不可抗力的影响降至最小。18. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 18. 争议的解决18.1 Friendly Consultations 18.1 友好协商In the event of any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity hereof ("dispute"), the Parties shall attempt in the first instance to resolve such dispute through friendly consultations. 如果发生由本合同（或其违反、终止或无效）引起或与之相关的任何争议、纠纷或者索赔（ “争议”），双方应首先争取通过友好协商来解决争议。18.2 Arbitration 18.2 仲裁[Choose one of the following two alternatives: [选择以下两种方式之一 ]Either Option (1): CIETAC Rules [选择（1） 中国国际经济贸易委员会仲裁(a) In the event such dispute is not resolved through consultations within [sixty (60)] days after the date such consultations were first requested in writing by a Party, then any Party may submit the dispute for arbitration in [Beijing] before the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission ("CIETAC") in accordance with CIETAC Arbitration Rules then in force, and as amended by this Article 18.2 ("Arbitration Rules"). (a) 如果某一争议未在一方首次书面提出进行磋商之日后六十(60)日内通过友好协商解决，则任何一方可将该争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(“贸仲会”)在[北京]按照当时有效的贸仲会仲裁程序规则（并由本第18.2 条规定作为修订）(“仲裁规则”)进行仲裁。(b) The arbitration tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators, one appointed by each Party and, if either of the Parties fails to appoint an arbitrator within the time specified in the Arbitration Rules, the Chairman of CIETAC shall make such appointment, taking into consideration the criteria set out in this Article 18.2. (b) 仲裁庭应由三名仲裁员组成，其中双方各指定一名，如果任何一方不能在仲裁规则具体规定的时间内指定一名仲裁员，贸仲会主任将参考本合同第18.2 条载明的标准指定仲裁员。(c) A third arbitrator (the "Presiding Arbitrator") shall be appointed by agreement between the Parties in accordance with the provisions of Articles 18.2 (d) and (e) below, and, if the Parties fail to jointly appoint the Presiding Arbitrator within the time specified in the Arbitration Rules, the Chairman of CIETAC shall make such appointment, taking into consideration the criteria set out in this Article 18.2. (c) 第三名仲裁员（“首席仲裁员”）应由双方协议指定，且如双方在仲裁规则规定的具体时间内仍未能达成该协议确定第三名仲裁员，则贸仲会主任应参考本合同第18.2条载明的标准指定该仲裁员。(d) No arbitrator may be a national of (i) the PRC or (ii) [home country of Party B]. (d) 任何一名仲裁员都不应具有(i)具有中华人民共和国国籍；或(ii)[乙方所在国国籍](e) The Presiding Arbitrator (and any successor or replacement appointee in place of any Presiding Arbitrator initially appointed) shall, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Parties, be a national of one of the following countries: (e) 首席仲裁员（及其继任者或任何代替原先指定担任首席仲裁员的人选）应具有以下任一国籍：(i) Australia; (ii) Belgium; (i) 澳大利亚(ii) 比利时(iii) Canada; (iv) New Zealand; (iii) 加拿大(iv) 新西兰(v) Sweden; (vi) Switzerland; (v) 瑞典(vi) 瑞士(vii) The Netherlands; or (viii) The United Kingdom. (vii) 荷兰(viii) 英国(f) The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in the English language. (f) 仲裁程序应当以英语进行。(g) All costs of arbitration (including but not limited to arbitration fees, costs of arbitrators and legal fees and disbursements) shall be borne by the losing party, unless otherwise determined by the arbitration tribunal. (g) 所有仲裁费用（包括但不限于仲裁费、仲裁员费用和法定费用和支出）应由败诉方承担，除非仲裁庭另有决定。(h) The provisions of Chapter III of the Arbitration Rules (concerning summary procedure) are excluded, regardless of whether the total amount of the claim amounts to RMB 500,000. (h) 无论赔偿请求是否总计达人民币500，000，贸仲会仲裁规则第三章条款（关于简易程序）在尽可能允许范围内排除适用。][NB: This clause could be considered to be a variation to the CIETAC Rules. Article 7 of the CIETAC Rules states that variations to the Rules are subject to consent by the Arbitration Commission]. [注：本条内容可能被认定为对贸仲会仲裁规则的变更。贸仲会仲裁规则第7 条规定变更仲裁规则应获得仲裁委员会的同意。]Or Option (2): SIAC Rules [选择（2） 新加坡国际仲裁中心仲裁(a) In the event the dispute is not resolved through consultations within [sixty (60)] days after the date such consultations were first requested in writing by a Party, then any Party may submit the dispute to Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") for arbitration in Singapore in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the SIAC then in force, and as amended by this Article 18.2 ("Arbitration Rules"). (a) 如果某一争议未在一方首次书面提出进行协商之日后[六十(60)]日内通过友好协商解决，则任何一方可将该争议提交新加坡国际仲裁中心(“仲裁中心”)在[新加坡]按照当时有效的仲裁中心仲裁程序规则（并根据本第18.2 条作出修订）(“仲裁规则”)进行仲裁。(b) The tribunal shall consist of [one] [three] arbitrator(s) to be appointed by the Chairman of the SIAC. (b) 仲裁庭应由仲裁中心主任指定的[一][三]名仲裁员组成。(c) The language of the arbitration shall be English.] (c) 仲裁应用[英语]进行。]18.3 Procedural Compliance 18.3 遵守程序性规定The Parties undertake: 双方保证：(a) to comply strictly with the time limits specified in the Arbitration Rules for the taking of any step or the performance of any act in or in connection with any arbitration; and (a) 在任何仲裁或与仲裁相关的任何活动中采取任何步骤或实施的任何行为都必须严格遵守相关仲裁规则具体规定的时间限制；且(b) to comply with and to carry out, in full and without delay, any procedural orders (including, without limitation to, any interim measures of protection ordered) or any award (interim or final) made by the arbitral tribunal. (b) 全面地、无迟延地遵守并执行所有程序性决定（包括但不限于任何临时保全措施）或任何由仲裁庭做出的任何（临时或终局）裁决。18.4 Enforcement of Award 18.4 裁决的执行Each of the Parties irrevocably: 各方不可撤销地：(a) agrees that any arbitral award shall be final and binding; (a) 一致同意仲裁裁决是终局的，并对双方具有拘束力；(b) undertakes that it will execute and perform the arbitral award fully and without delay. In the event of judicial acceptance and an order of enforcement, each party expressly waives all rights to object thereto, including any defense of sovereign immunity and any other defense based on the fact or allegation that it is an agency or instrumentality of a sovereign state; and (b) 保证其将全面地毫无迟延地签署并履行仲裁裁决。在法院对仲裁裁决予以司法承认并发布强制执行令的情况下，双方明确放弃其提出异议的所有权利，包括任何以主权豁免为由提出的抗辩事由以及任何基于其是一个主权国家的机构或部门的事实或主张而提出的其他抗辩事由；且 (c) waives any rights which it may have to contest the validity of the arbitration agreement set forth in this Article or the jurisdiction of the relevant arbitration institution to hear and to determine any arbitration begun pursuant to this Article 18. (c) 放弃其所拥有的对本条规定的仲裁协议有效性提出异议或对相关仲裁机构对本案进行审理并做出裁决的管辖权提出异议的任何权利。When any dispute occurs and is the subject of friendly consultations or arbitration, the Parties shall continue to exercise their remaining respective rights and fulfil their remaining respective obligations under this Contract, except in respect of those matters under dispute. 当某一争议发生并且正在通过友好协商或仲裁解决时，双方应继续行使其各自在本合同项下的其他权利，同时继续履行其各自在本合同项下的其他义务，但与争议事项有关的权利和义务除外。18.5 Injunctive Relief 18.5 禁令救济Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties agree that each Party has the right to seek temporary or permanent injunctive or other similar relief in any court or other authority of competent jurisdiction in respect of any claims of breach of confidentiality or IPR infringement or for an order of specific performance or other injunctive relief as permitted under Applicable Laws. 无论本合同前述条款有何规定，双方同意每一方均有权就任何违反保密义务或知识产权侵权的主张向任何一个有管辖权的法院或其他机关寻求临时或永久禁令或其他类似的救济措施，或申请实际履行的执行令或其他相关法律允许的禁令救济。18.6 Governing Law 18.6 适用法律The validity, interpretation and implementation of this Contract shall be governed by the laws of [the People’s Republic of China][[another jurisdiction] (without regard to its rules governing conflict of laws)]. 本合同的效力、解释以及执行适用[中华人民共和国法律][[另一司法区域]的法律（该司法区域有关法律冲突的规则不适用）]。19. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 19. 其他规定19.1 Independent Contractor Relationship 19.1 合同双方之间的独立关系The Parties are only establishing a vendor-purchaser relationship with each other by entering into this Contract. Nothing in this Contract shall be construed or implied as: 合同双方签订本合同仅仅在他们之间产生独立合同关系。本合同任何条款均不得被解释为：(a) establishing between the Parties hereto any partnership or any other form of relationship entailing joint liability; (a) 在合同双方之间形成合伙关系或其他导致共同责任的关系；(b) constituting either of the Parties hereto as the agent of the other Party (except with the other Party’s prior written consent); or (b) 使任何一方成为另一方的代理人（另一方事先书面同意的除外）；(c) authorizing either Party to incur any expenses or any other form of obligation on behalf of the other Party (except with the other Party’s prior written consent). (c) 授权一方为另一方招致费用或其他任何形式的义务（另一方事先书面同意的除外）。19.2 Binding Effect 19.2 合同约束力的范围This Contract is made for the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective lawful successors and assignees and is legally binding on them. 本合同对本合同双方以及该方合法的继受者和受让人有法律约束力。19.3 Amendment 19.3 修改This Contract shall not be changed verbally, but only by a written instrument signed by the Parties. 本合同不得以口头方式修改，而须经双方签署书面文件后方可修改。19.4 Mutual Agreement of the Parties 19.4 合同双方共同协商的结果THE PARTIES DECLARE THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT REFLECT THE RESULTS OF THEIR COMMERCIAL NEGOTIATIONS CONDUCTED IN GOOD FAITH AND THAT NONE OF THE PROVISIONS HEREOF CONSTITUTES THE STANDARD TERMS OF EITHER PARTY. DISTRIBUTOR ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS REVIEWED AND UNDERSTANDS THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT AND HAS RECEIVED SATISFACTORY EXPLANATIONS AS TO ANY ISSUE RAISED BY IT IN RESPECT THEREOF. 本合同双方确认本合同的条款体现双方本着诚信原则谈判的结果，本合同的条款不构成任一方的标准条款。经销商承认其已经审阅并理解本合同的条款且已经就相关条款的任何疑问得到满意的解释。19.5 No Publicity 19.5 合同内容保密The existence of this Contract, as well as its contents, shall be deemed to fall within the scope of Confidential Information and subject to Article 15, and shall not be disclosed in whole or in part to any person or entity, except (i) to Permitted Disclosure Parties, (ii) to authorized securities regulators or exchanges in accordance with Applicable Laws or the relevant rules of the securities exchange to which the Party in question is subject, (iii) to officials in relevant government departments pursuant to the requirements of Applicable Laws, (iv) in order to fulfil any conditions precedent to the effectiveness of this Contract or (v) for the purpose of the performance by a Party of its obligations or exercise of its rights hereunder or relating hereto. 各方应对本合同的存在及其内容当作本合同规定的保密资料，并根据本合同第15 条规定加以保护，合同双方不得向任何人或实体予以全部或部分披露，但向以下各方的披露的除外：(i) 向允许披露方披露；(ii)向依据有关法律或该方为规制对象的证券交易所规则，获得授权的市场监管官员或交易所披露；(iii)依据有关法律向有关政府机构的官员披露；(iv)为了满足本合同的生效条件；或者(v)一方为履行其于本合同项下或与本合同相关的义务或行使其于本合同项下或与本合同相关的权利。19.6 No Solicitation 19.6 禁止招揽另一方雇员Neither Party shall, during the Term or within one (1) year after the Expiration Date, directly solicit for employment the other Party’s personnel who are engaged in the performance of this Contract without the prior written consent of the other Party. 在本合同有效期内以及合同期满日后一（1）年内，任何一方均不得直接向另一方参与本合同执行的雇员发出招聘要约，经另一方书面同意的除外。19.7 Notices 19.7 通知(a) Any notice or written communication provided for in this Contract by either Party to the other, including but not limited to any and all offers, writings, or notices to be given hereunder, shall be made in [language] and delivered: (a) 本合同规定一方向另一方发出的通知或书面函件（包括但不限于本合同项下所有要约、书面文件或通知）均应以[语言]制作，并通过以下方式送达相应一方：(i) by hand; (i) 当面递交；或(ii) by courier service delivered letter; or (ii) 专递信函；或(iii) by facsimile. (iii) 传真。(b) Notices shall be deemed to have been delivered at the following times: (b) 在以下时间通知被视为已经送达：(i) if by hand, on reaching the designated address and subject to return receipt or other proof of delivery; (i) 如果以当面递交方式送达，送达指定地址并签署回执或其他送达证明；(ii) if by courier, the [fifth] Business Day after the date of dispatch; and (ii) 如果是以专递信函方式送达，为递交日后的第[五] 个营业日；且(iii) if by fax, upon the next Business Day following the date marked on the confirmation of transmission report by the sender’s fax machine, indicating completed uninterrupted transmission to the relevant facsimile number. (iii) 如果是以传真的方式送达，为发送传真方的传真机发送的报告确认书（表明已向相关传真号码发送完整的、未中断的传真）上标记的日期后的下一个营业日。(c) During the Term, each Party may change its particulars for receipt of notices at any time by notice given to the other Party in accordance with this Article 19.7. (c) 在合同期限内，一方可随时根据第19.7(a)条规定通知另一方变更通知送达地址。Distributor: 经销商：[mailing address] [经销商]People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国Facsimile No: 传真号码：Attention: 收件人：Supplier: 供应商：[mailing address] [邮址]Facsimile No: 传真号码：Attention: 收件人：19.8 Waiver 19.8 不放弃权利Either Party’s failure to exercise or delay in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Contract shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege shall not preclude the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. 如果一方未行使或延迟行使其在本合同项下的某项权利，不构成该方对此项权利的放弃，如果该方已经行使或者部分行使某项权利，并不妨碍其在将来再次行使此项权利。19.9 Assignability 19.9 可转让性The Distributor may not assign in whole or in part any of its rights hereunder or any rights arising from any individual order for the purchase of the Products without the prior written consent of Supplier. The Supplier shall be entitled to assign in whole or in part any of its obligations hereunder or arising from any individual order for the purchase of the Products to any of its Affiliates or suppliers solely upon written notice to Distributor, provided that Supplier shall remain fully liable for the performance of such obligations. 未经供应商事先书面同意，经销商不得部分或全部转让本合同项下的权利，也不得转让由单个订单产生的任何权利。供应商以书面通知经销商，可将本合同项下的全部或部分义务或由单个订单产生的任何义务转让给其任何关联机构或供货商，但是供应商应该继续对其合同项下义务的履行负责。19.10 Severability 19.10 可分割性The invalidity of any provision of this Contract shall not affect the validity of any other provision of this Contract. 本合同某一条款的无效不影响本合同其他条款的效力。19.11 Entire Agreement 19.11 全部合同This Contract and the Schedules and Annexes hereto constitute the entire agreement between the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter of this Contract and supersede all prior discussions, negotiations and agreements between them, including, the [Memorandum of Understanding between [●] and [●] dated [●]] the [Letter of Intent between [●] and [●] dated [●]] [refer to all MOUs, LOIs previously signed] 本合同及其附录和附件构成双方就本合同标的达成的全部协议，并且取代双方之间此前就该标的进行的所有磋商、谈判以及达成的协议。19.12 Further Endeavours 19.12 进一步努力A Party shall, at any time, upon the request of the other Party, execute or procure the execution of such documents, agreements, contracts or deeds and do or procure the doing of such acts and things as may be [reasonably] necessary to give full effect to the provisions of this Contract. 在使本合同条款具有完全的效力的[合理]必要范围内，应另一方随时要求，一方应签署（或促使第三方签署）有关文件、协议、合同、契据并实施（或促使第三方实施）相关行为。19.13 Costs 19.13 费用Save as otherwise provided in this Contract, each Party shall bear its own legal and other professional costs in relation to the preparation, negotiation and entry into of this Contract. 除本合同中另有约定，每一方应承担与本合同的制作、磋商及订立相关的该方律师或其他专业顾问费用。19.14 Schedules and Annexes 19.14 附录以及附件The Schedules and Annexes hereto are made an integral part of this Contract and are equally binding with the main body of the Contract. In the event of any conflict between the terms and provisions of the main body of the Contract and the Schedules or Annexes, the terms and provisions of the main body of this Contract shall prevail. 本合同的附录以及附件为本合同不可分割的部分，并且与本合同正文的条款具有同等效力。如果本合同正文的条款与附录以及附件的条款有冲突，以本合同正文条款为准。19.15 Language 19.15 文本This Contract is executed in the Chinese language in [●] ([●]) originals and in the English language in [●] ([●]) originals. Both language versions shall be equally authentic. 本合同中文正本[ ]份，英文正本[ ]份。两种文本具有同等效力。IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties hereto has caused this Contract to be executed by its duly authorized representative on the date first set forth above. 双方已于本合同首页所载日期通过其正式授权的代表签订本合同，以资证明。[Distributor name] [Supplier name] [经销商名称] [供应商名称]By: ____________________ By: ____________________ 签署： ____________________ 签署： ____________________Name: [Distributor rep name] Name: [Supplier rep name] 姓名： [经销商代表姓名] 姓名 [供应商代表姓名]Title: [Distributor rep position] Title: [Supplier rep position] 职务： [经销商代表职务] 职务： [供应商代表职务]Nationality: [Chinese] Nationality: [Supplier rep nationality] 国籍： 中国 国籍： [供应商代表国籍]  

和 *****************************CO., LTD. **********公司 AND 之 IMPORT AGENT SERVICE AGREEMENT 委托代理进口协议 2009/1/8 进口代理协议书 IMPORT SERVICE AGREEMENT 甲方： 乙方：***公司 *******Co.,Ltd

技术引进合同 （中英文对照） 前言 本合同于_______在_______签订。 一方为_______，以下简称甲方。 一方为_______，以下简称乙方。 鉴于乙方拥有合同产品生产的专有技术，并有权和愿意向南方技术有限公司转让该项技术。 鉴于南方技术有限公司希望利用乙方拥有的专有技术，以生产销售和出口合同产品。 甲方受南方技术有限公司委托，由甲方同乙方经过友好协商，同意按下列条件及条款签订本专有技术合同。本合同由南方技术有限公司与乙方执行。 第一章 定 义 1．1 “专有技术”， 原指生产合同产品，甲方所需要的乙方所拥有和提供的全部生产技术及加工工艺。该生产技术和加工工艺包括全部设计、制造、操作图纸及技术资料、制造工艺、生产程序和生产技术细节。 1．2 “合同产品”， 指SIO2和ITO镀膜导电玻璃产品，该产品符合本合同附件一所规定的技术条件和技术标准。也即甲方按照乙方提供的专有技术及设备进行制造和生产的产品。 1．3 “技术资料”， 指制造合同产品所需要的全部“专有技术”， 以及乙方在生产合同产品的过程中，所使用的全部有关设计和制造图纸，加工技术和工艺文件等资料。具体内容及要求详见本合同附件二。 1．4 “考核产品”， 指甲方用乙方提供的专有技术和专用设备所生产和制造合同产品。该产品经过严整符合并且达到本合同附件一所规定的技术条件和技术标准。 1．5 “工艺文件”，指生产合同产品所需要的全部加工方法、加工手段、工艺过程卡片、工艺图纸、工序卡片等全套资料。具体内容详见本合同附件二。 1．6 “工艺守则”，指生产合同产品的全部生产和加工过程所必须遵循的原则。 第二章 合同内同和范围 2.1 乙方同意向甲方转让，甲方同意从乙方取得合同产品的专有技术。甲方采用乙方的专有技术和主要设备，能够在甲方工厂生产出合格的合同产品。其产品规格、型号、产量及技术条件和技术标准详见本合同附件一。 2．2 乙方向甲方提供在甲方工厂生产合同产品的全部完整工艺文件和资料，能正确知道合同产品的生产。详见本合同附件二。 2．3 乙方在提供技术资料的同时，还要提供全部技术标准。 2．4 乙方向甲方提供用于在甲方工厂生产合同产品的全部专有技术资料必须是完整的技术资料。 2．5 乙方在向甲方提供技术的同时，并为甲方提供和选择生产合同产品所必须的关键设备。这些设备的具体压迫求和规格详见“设备引进合同”。设备合同的交付规定和交付办法，按设备合同的规定执行。详见“生产设备引进合同”。 2．6 为了保证合同产品的生产，乙方同意甲方采用部分中国国产设备，和乙方选择提供的设备配套共同生产合同产品。详见本合同附件三。 2．7 乙方按照本合同附件四所规定的条件和要求，在乙方工厂为甲方培训技术人员，以保证所培训的人员能够掌握这些专有技术，生产合同产品。 2．8 乙方按合同附件五所规定的条件，排泄称职的专家到甲方工厂进行技术指导、技术服务。 第三章 价 格 3．1 按第二章所规定的合同内容和玩味，乙方所提供的合同产品的专有技术包括工厂设计图纸，全部制造图纸，工艺文件，技术服务和技术培训等的全部资料总价格为140，000美元。其中技术转让费为105，000美元，考察培训费为35，000美元。 3．2 上述合同的价格为固定价格，包括本合同第二章所规定的全部技术资料运抵深圳费用。该价格包括乙方在本合同中所承担的其他义务的全部费用在内。 3．3 本合同内的一切费用均以美元计算和结算。 3．4 设备引进合同的总价格为一百一十四万六千美元。其具体执行办法按设备合同的规定执行。

合同翻译常用句型和词汇 This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party. 此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。  What is?left unmentioned?in contract may be added there as an appendix. 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。  The Contract is?written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively)?which shall become valid on the date of signature. 本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效  This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式两份。自双方签字（盖章）之日起生效。  This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。  ? ?   1. 详细货物清单 Detail supply list 2. 合同价格 Contract value 序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size， dimension 数量 amount， unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费 freight， transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金） Contract amount incl. VAT & installation 3. 付款条件 payment conditions， payment terms 4. 交货地点 delivery place 5. 发货期 delivery time 6. 安装条款 installation clause 7. 验收条款 inspection clause 8. 保证条款 guarantee clause 9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause 10. 违约条款 Breach clause 11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause 12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information a long-term contract 长期合同 a short-term contract 短期合同 completion of contract 完成合同 contract for future delivery 期货合同 contract for goods 订货合同 contract for purchase 采购合同 contract for service 劳务合同 labor contract? 劳动合同

DATED 2002 ［日期］ [CONTRACT NAME] ［合同名称］ -by and between- 合同双方 [PARTY A NAME] PARTY A ［甲方名称］ -and- 与 [PARTY B NAME] PARTY B ［乙方名称］

拟订英文合同是进出口买卖中一项重要的工作。这个合同都包括哪些内容，其中的语言该怎么表达呢。下面给大家提供一段参考范文： 合同 CONTRACT日期： 合同号码：Date: Contract No.:买 方： (The Buyers) 卖方： (The Sellers) 兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品： This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter: (1) 商品名称:Name of Commodity： (2) 数 量：Quantity: (3) 单 价：Unit price: (4) 总 值：Total Value: (5) 包 装：Packing: (6) 生产国别：Country of Origin : (7) 支付条款：Terms of Payment: (8) 保 险：Insurance: (9) 装运期限：Time of Shipment: (10) 起 运 港：Port of Lading: (11) 目 的 港：Port of Destination: (12)索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。 Claims: Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable. The Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers. (13)不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由，发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者，卖方可免除责任。在不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件，在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。 Force Majeure: The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after. The Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident. Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. (14）仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。Arbitration: All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. The Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties. And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.买方： 卖方: （授权签字） （授权签字）

买方 buyer 卖方 seller 项目名称 Project name 地址 address 电话 phone 传真 fax 联系人 contact person 详细货物清单 Detail supply list 合同价格 Contract value 付款条件 payment conditions， payment terms 交货地点 delivery place 发货期 delivery time 安装条款 installation clause 验收条款 inspection clause 保证条款 guarantee clause 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause 违约条款 Breach clause 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information a long-term contract 长期合同 a short-term contract 短期合同 completion of contract 完成合同 contract for future delivery 期货合同 contract for goods 订货合同 contract for purchase 采购合同 contract for service 劳务合同 labor contract? 劳动合同 contract note 买卖合同（证书） contract of arbitration 仲裁合同 contract of carriage /Carriage Contract运输合同Passenger Carriage Contract 客运合同Cargo Carriage Contract???? 货运合同 Technology Contract? 技术合同 Technology Development Contract技术开发合同Technology Transfer Contract技术转让合同Technical Consulting Contract技术咨询合同Technical Service Contract技术服务合同 Safekeeping Contract 保管合同 Warehousing Contract? 仓储合同 Agency Appointment Contract 委托合同 Trading-Trust Contract 行纪合同 Brokerage Contract 居间合同 Multi-modal Carriage Contract多式联运合同 contract of employment 雇佣合同 contract of insurance 保险合同

金苑服饰有限公司销售合同 Jinyuan Garments & Accessories Co., Ltd SALES CONTRACT 合同编号：JYFS120602 CONTRACT NO. JYFS120602 日期：2012年6月22日 DATE June 22, 2012 买方 美国纽约第五大道服装大卖场 联系电话：+537 070 186 532 传真：+537 070 186 532 BUYER The United States 5th Avenue clothing hypermarket TEL: +537 070 186 532 FAX: +537 070 卖方 中国福建金苑服饰有限公司 联系电话：0595—7656300 传真：0595—7656300 SELLER China Fujian Jinyuan GARMENTS & ACCESSORIES CO., LTD TEL: 0595—7656300 FAX: 0595—7656300 双方同意按下列条款由买方购进卖方售出下列商品: The Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as below : 货物名称及规格，包装及装运标志 | (2) 数 量（件）| (3) 单 价（美元） | (4) 总 价（美元） Name of Commodity, Specifications, Quantity Unit Price ($) Total Amount($) Packing and Shipping Marks 金苑2012新品衬衫，货号：A22105 4000 24.00 96000.00 Jinyuan2012 New Shirt, Item No.A22105 4000 24.00 96000.00 金苑2012新品衬衫，货号：H22103 4000 24.70 98800.00 Jinyuan2012 New Shirt , Item No.h22103 4000 24.70 98800.00 金苑2012新品衬衫，货号：A22111 4000 21.30 85200.00 Jinyuan2012 New Shirt , Item NoA22111 4000 21.30 85200.00 金苑2012新品休闲淑女裤， 6000 30.50 183000.00 货号：C22105 Jinyuan 2012 New Casual Lady pants 6000 30.50 183000.00 Item No.:C22105 金苑2012新品休闲七分裤， 6000 32.40 194400.00 Jinyuan2012 New Casual Cropped pants 6000 32.40 194400.00 货号：C22108 Item No. C22108 规格 Specification

房 屋 租 赁 合 同 House Lease Contract 出租方 (甲方）Landlord： Sean Kelleher 承租方（乙方）Tenant ： Xiu Jian 居间方（丙方）Agent： 出租方 (甲方) Landlord(Part A): _______Sean Kellher____________________________________ 承租方 (乙方) Tenant (Part B): ________Xiu Jian________________________________________ Agency: BEIJING FANGEASYCO.LTD 第一条：租赁物业 Tenancy： 甲方同意将位于墨尔本市_69 Haverbrack Ave, Mulgrave, VIC的房屋及房内设备 设施在良好状态下出租给乙方。 Party A hereby agrees to lease_69 Haverbrack Ave, Mulgrave, VIC and the fixtures, fittings and equipment therein are cleaned and in tenantable conditions to Party B. 2、签订本合同之前，甲方必须向乙方出示有关物业的房地产产权证。产权证编号：___________如 不能提供该文件，甲方必须提供相关有效的可证明其物业所有权的文件。若该物业产权证上所有权人的名称与此合同中甲方名称不一致。则必须提供甲方与物业所有权人的合法租赁协议的复印件。 Prior to the execution of this agreement, Party A shall provide to Party B the Real Estate Ownership Certificate in respect of the Property. Ownership Certificate No.: . If this document is not available, Party A shall provide an alternative and acceptable proof of ownership. If the name on the ownership certificate is not the same as the name of Party A on this tenancy agreement, a copy of the additional leasing agreement between the rightful legal owner and party A must be supplied. 第二条：租期 Term of Tenancy： 1、 租赁期为_3.5_月，自2014__年____3___月__12____日起至_2014_年_6_月_27__日止。 The above property is hereby leased for a term of ___3.5_______months, commencing

Translation Agreement Serial Number: Party A: Party B: Since Party A entrusts Party B to translate the relevant written document, two parties agree to sign the following translation agreement under each other’s friendly consultation: Party A entrusts Party B to translate the relevant written document with a total characters of ________(blanks not included), and Party B shall translate the document into_______ language in accordance with Party A’s demand. When Party B confirms to receive the relevant document, Party B shall complete and deliver the corresponding translated document to Party A on_____(month)_____(day). The translation fee shall be calculated in accordance with RMB ______per thousand Chinese characters (blanks not included); before Party B begins to carry out the relevant translation, Party A shall pay an advance payment RMB______ to Party B. When Party B delivers the entire translated document to Party A, Party A must pay off the entire remaining translation fee RMB_______(deducting the advance payment from the total translation fee). If any deferred payment occurs by Party A, Party A shall compensate the corresponding losses, and pay Party B with a late payment charge of 5% of the total translation fee per day. Party B shall complete the translation work in time, and guarantee that the quality of the translation. If Party A has any objection to the quality of translated document, Party A shall notice Party B in written form. Party B shall be responsible for correcting mistakes for free in the document translated within seven days after Party A’s receiving the translated document. Party B shall keep confidentiality of any content of the documents provided by Party A and can not disclose to any third party. Party B shall not dispose the original document and the corresponding translated document in any form without authority of Party A. Party B has right not to translate the document with unclear original test and blurred writing. If it is necessary, Party A and Party B shall jointly consult the relevant special nouns. Since the date of signing this agreement, both parties shall not terminate this agreement freely. If a party causes the other party suffer losses, the party violating the agreement shall compensate the agreement value in double as a default penalty, and Party A and Party B shall reserve their respective litigious rights. If there is any item not being referred in this agreement, Party A and Party B shall jointly resolve the corresponding through consultation. This agreement shall be valid after both parties’ signing or sealing in this agreement. Any fax copy of this agreement shall be valid and effective. This agreement is written in duplicates, one for each party. Party A: Party B: Manager: Manager: Date: / / 2008 Date: / / 2008

PURCHASE ORDER 采 购 合 同 合同编号( Contract No.)： 日 期(Date)： 卖方(Seller)： 地址(Address): 电话(Tel)： 传真(Fax)： 电子邮箱(E-mail)： 买方(Buyer)： 地址(Address): 电话(Tel)： 传真(Fax)： 邮箱(E-mail)： The undersigned seller and buyer have agreed to close the following transactions according to the terms and conditions set forth as below: 买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交： Commodity, Quantity and Price: 商品、数量和价格： CIF: Seattle Port, USA CIF:西雅图港口，美国 Item No Description of Goods 商 品 描 述  Norms 规 格 Quantity Tons 数量 P (吨) Unit Price USD/Tons 单价 美金 / 吨 AMOUNT 金额 (USD)      

OEM Cooperation Agreement OEM合作协议书 This Contract is entered on by and between: 本协议是由以下双方在 年 月 日签订： Party A: 甲方： Party B: ,a Company organized and existing under the laws of China and having its principle place of business at ,Nanjing, Peoples Republic of China. 乙方： ，一家根据中国法律成立，主营业地位于 的公司。 Whereas, 1、Party A is engaged in the business of marketing of in [ ]; 2、Party B is engaged in developing and manufacture of ; Now this Contract witnessed and it is hereby agreed by and between the Parties hereto as follows: 鉴于，甲方从事 产品在 市场的营销工作，乙方是 产品专业的研发、生产企业，双方为共同的发展，达成如下合作协议： Section 1, Definitions and Interpretations. 第一条： 总则和定义 1.1 Cooperation Manner: Both Parties agree that Party A shall sell the products by OEM, Meanwhile, Party B shall develop、manufacture and provide by OEM, Products with the brand designated by Party A ( the “Products”). 合作方式：双方同意A方以OEM方式销售合作产品，B方采用OEM方式研发、生产并提供合作产品，合作产品的商标由A方授权。 1.2 Definitions: 定义 1.2.1 Products: 合作产品：是指B方根据A方或A方客户要求设计、研发、生产的 产品： 1.2.2 OEM: The Products with the brand designated by Party A shall be technically based on the products developed and designed by Party B and approved by Party A. OEM方式：指A方授权B方在产品或产品的载体上印制A方名称和商标，同时A方也有权禁止B方将其名称和商标印制在产品上。 1.2.3 Purchase Order： 订单：指A方出具的用于向B方订购产品的正式文件。 1.3 Duration：This Agreement shall be for a period of years from the date of execution unless terminated earlier in accordance with the provisions of this Contract. 协议有效期：本协议自签订之日起生效，有效期为 年，本协议自有效期满时终止或本协议中约定的终止情况发生时终止。 Section 2 Brand and Trademark: 第二条： 品牌和商标 2.1 Party A grants Party B to use the Brand and Trademark on the products. A方授权B方在合作产品上使用A方名称和商标。 2.2 Party B undertakes not to use the Trade Mark in any way without the expressed approval of Party A. The Trade Mark can only be used in products as approved by parties. B方按双方约定范围和方式使用A方提供的名称和商标，不侵犯A方名称或商标。 2.3 Party A warrants that the Brand and Trademark do not infringe any admissible intellectual property right of any third party, Otherwise, Party A shall indemnify Party B’s loss and damage result from such infringement (including but not limited to attorney fee, any penalty, damage or compensation.) A方保证其提供的名称和商标等不侵犯任何人的权利，若B方因产品侵权而导致的一切损失（包括但不限于直接经济损失、律师费），A方应予以赔偿。 2.4 Party A shall provide Party B with the corresponding brand symbol, brand LOGO image and other relevant brand and/or design. The cost of putting the brand on the Products shall be for the account of Party B.

Irrevocable Master Fee Protection Agreement 佣金保护协议 Contract No.合同号：??????????????NCND-NBT/URW/04/07 Seller’s Name 卖家名称:?????????????Mr.FFFF for LLLLLL (Pty) Ltd (Cape Town/South Africa)??? Address地址:????????Po Box ###5 Vlaeberg 8018, Cape Town (South Africa), Phone Number电话号码:???? Fax Number传真号码: ????????????? Signatory签字人:????????????? Title职务:?????????????????????CEO/General Director Commodity商品：Indonesia Steam Coal 印度尼西亚电煤 Quantity数量:MT Duration有效期:?? 5 years (till last delivery of 6.000.000 Mt) Delivery交货日期:? as for NBT contracts Price Basis价格:?? USD$2 commissions Contract Value: This Fee Protection Agreement (FPA) is issued to the Paymaster involved in the sale of the Commodity identified by the above Contract Number. Commission payments will be made after the delivery and payment for each shipment, as agreed between the Seller and the beneficiary Paymasters. The commission will be paid to the beneficiary Paymaster named in the F.P.A. for all contracted quantity including all extensions and rollovers on shipment by shipment basis as per the following proceeds. 本佣金保护协议由付款方根据以上合同号码所采购的商品签发。根据卖方和佣金受益人的协议规定，佣金将于每批货物交货后支付。 1.1 The entitlements herein specified will be transferred in full compliance with articles 48 and 49 of ICC N0. 500, as amended, in favor of the paymaster herein been named. 1.2 Payable automatically, upon payment for each and every shipment, by swift wire transfer. 1.3 The payments will be made without protest, delay, or deductions (other than normal Bank wire transfer fees). 1.4 The entitlement under this F.P.A. covers the entire transaction identified and defined herein including all extensions and rollovers. 2) I, the undersigned, with full corporate authority and legal responsibility, under penalty of perjury, on behalf of the Seller, do hereby irrevocably and conditionally undertake to pay the commission specified in this F.P.A. in United States Dollars, in favor of the beneficiary Paymaster named herein. A commission of $20 Per MT will be paid to the Paymaster. The said commission becomes payable if the referenced transaction has successfully been concluded and the payment of the commodity has been made by the Buyer in favor of the undersigned in respect of each and every shipment that has been delivered. The responsibility of the undersigned payer is limited to the transfer of the entitlement to the beneficiary paymaster whenever the commodity delivered has been paid by the Buyer and to the observances of the practices of the NCND. 3) Seller’s Banking Information: Bank Name: Address: City: Country: Account Name: Account Number: Swift Code: Telephone: Fax Number: 4) Beneficiary’s Banking Information: Commission: Company Name: Telephone: Fax Number:

铁路隧道工程施工承包合同 CONTRACT OF RAILWAY TUNNEL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION （翻译：张云军） 签署日期： Date of Signature 甲方：中铁集团（以下简称甲方） Party A: China Railway Group. ( hereinafter referred to as Party A) 乙方：隧道工程公司（以下简称乙方） Party B: Tunnel Engineering Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) 条款目录 CONTENTS 一、 组成合同的文件： Documents Constituted Contract 二、 工程概况 General Review of Project 三、 工期 Work Term 四、 工程数量的核实和确认 Check and Confirmation of Work Quantity 五、 承包工程造价 Project Cost 六、工程质量标准与验收 Project Quality Standards and Acceptance 七、隐蔽工程检查和签证 Inspection and Confirmation of Hidden Works 八、材料的供应 Supply of Material 九、工程变更 Alteration 十、双方责任与权利 Responsibilities and Rights of Parties 十一、安全施工 Safe Construction 十二、进度计划 Progress Schedule